Some Basic Linux Commands

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Basic Linux Commands used in Cloud Computing

  • tty - reveals the current terminal
  • whoami - reveals the currently logged-in user
  • which - reveals where in the search path a program is located
  • echo - prints to the screen means prints whatever you write same
  • echo $PATH - dumps the current path to STDOUT
  • echo $PWD - dumps the contents of the $PWD variable
  • echo $OLDPWD - dumps the most recently visited directory
  • set - prints and optionally sets shell variables
  • clear - clears the screen or terminal 
  • reset - resets the screen buffer
  • history - reveals the commands you used so far
  • !685 - executes the 685th command in the history. NOTE - The command history is maintained on a per-user basis via --- ~/.bash_history~=user's $HOME directory in the BASH shell.
  • pwd - prints the currently working directory
  • cd - changes the directory to desired directory. NOTE - 'cd' with no option changes to the $HOME directory. 'cd~' changes to the $HOME directory. 'cd/' changes to the root of the file system. 'cd Desktop/' changes to the relative directory 'Desktop'. 'cd ..' changes to one-level up in the directory tree. 'cd ../' changes us two levels up in the directory tree.
  • Arrow keys (up and down) navigates through your command history
  • BASH supports tab completion -- type unique characters in the command and press "Tab" key.
  • You can copy and paste in GNOME terminal windows using -- left button to block;; right button to paste OR Ctrl+Shift+v to paste.
  • ls - lists files and directories.
  • ls / - lists the contents of the '/' mount point.
  • ls -l - lists the contents of a directory in long format which includes permissions, links, ownership, size, date, name.
  • ls -ld /etc - lists the properties of the directory '/etc' and the contents of the '/etc'.
  • ls -ltr - sorts chronologically from older to newer (bottom).
  • ls --help - returns possible usage information.
  • ls -a - reveals hidden files. NOTE - The files which are pre-fixed with '.' are hidden. Ex-.bash_history
  • cat - catenates files
  • cat 123.txt - dumps the contents of  '123.txt' to STDOUT
  • cat 123.txt 584.txt dumps both files to STDOUT
  • cat 123.txt 848.txt > 789545.txt - creates new catenated files.
  • mkdir - creates a new directory.
  • mkdir testRH5 - creates a directory.
  • cp - copies files
  • cp 123.txt testRH6/By default, 'cp' does not preserve the original modification time.
  • cp -v 488.txt testRH6/
  • mv - moves the files. 
  • mv 186.txt testRH5/ - moves the file, preserving timestamp.
  • rm - removes files and directories.
  • rm -rf 245.txt - removes recursively and enforces.
  • touch - creates blank file/updates timestamp
  • touch test.txt - will create a 0-byte file, if it doesn't exist
  • touch 158268.txt - will update the timestamp
  • touch -t 681684658723585 446895.txt - changes timestamp
  • stat - reveals statistics of files
  • stat 123485.txt -reveals full attributes of the file
  • find - finds files using search patterns.
  • find / -name 'fstab'Note: 'find' can search for fields returned by the 'stat' command
  • alias - returns/sets aliases for commands
  • alias -dumps current aliases
  • alias copy - 'cp -v'.

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